STD NMR ( z: P! ]0 S% ~/ h, A
STD NMR
& a* k, t: u7 X0 J experiments detect magnetization that is transferred from a receptor protein / e- M* U/ N& }' X1 ^& P
to a bound ligand. Only bound ligands show STD effects. The experiment may be
+ u) H. q2 l; R+ r; L combined with virtually any other NMR experiment, and therefore is well suitable
9 H- s5 G' @ p V, N1 e% m' M" w* K to tackle even very complex problems. In particular, in combination with multidimensional
9 c; V) P. Q( \2 k& G NMR a full characterization of a bound ligand out of a mixture is straightforward.
0 d! x& u7 G( ?, |; r$ N STD NMR is extremely robust and gives maximal effects at protein to ligand ratios 4 Y" [" f: l) o: @! E% t' L
greater than ca. 1:100. It follows that less than 1 nmol of protein is necessary
: o9 G3 i2 C/ D7 {4 V# h. x6 V for screening. With the availability of so called cryo probes it will be possible
4 ~+ R, E- h! c; C% P/ \- R! T to work with hundred pmol amounts of protein. The dissociation constant should * o3 w: `( }$ _! ?
be in the range between nM and mM. Therefore, STD NMR covers at least two orders
$ i1 q) L* a) d$ Y' S# y of magnitudes more for dissociation constants than trNOE experiments. From competitive
8 P7 {) H5 c/ Q% o- M1 s/ Z STD experiments dissociation constants may be derived. . K3 K) l/ z8 ]8 W- O0 D

i; a4 ~1 M, A7 A+ E: p0 d
5 E- ^4 g% X0 P6 t J, u8 O' m Schematic : [! d O* X! o0 u' y# b
display of the STD NMR effect. Saturation of the protein leads to a direct saturation
# b, i9 n: V7 L; l+ f4 Q of those parts of ligand(s) in direct contact to the protein. By exchange between
4 N. b; M# g7 \ bound and free state the saturation is transported to solution and detected
+ q2 k$ K1 k) ?9 W" Q by subtracting a spectrum with saturation from a normal spectrum.
$ f9 }/ ^7 U4 A0 k9 ] STD NMR gives precise information about the binding epitope of the ligand. This 0 H8 K: l2 \( X& `& e
is very important information for the design of a potent drug. The optimal drug
, e8 |4 a* r+ P1 u: q is of optimal size and optimal shape. The size is deduced from STD NMR, and 2 D5 E) a& [+ f; ^7 X
the shape is delivered by trNOE experiments.
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